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Protein Supplement production in industrial sector – Part 6 A fed-batch process offers a method to eliminate this production. If the concentration of the substrate is kept below 0.25 g/l then fermentative metabolism will be restricted (Daramola and Zampraka, 2008). This is achieved by the substrate being fed to the reactor incrementally. One advantage the […]
Protein Supplement production in industrial sector – Part 5 The continuous injector flash cooler is illustrated in Fig.4 and consists of a steam injector which directly injects steam into the non-sterile medium. The holding section is to maintain the medium at a required temperature and then the hot medium is passed through a flash cooler […]
Protein Supplement production in industrial sector – Part 4 Steriliser Options The purpose of a sterile process is to ensure the integrity of the product of the process. As the process involves the growth of a micro-organism for the consumption of humans the degree of sterilisation is of great importance. This is then achieved by […]
Production of Protein Supplement Part 1 – Pakistan Industrial sector case study Summary The aim of the project was to design a process plant for the production of protein supplements. The basis for the production capacity is 2,500 tonnes per year. The method of the production is to be via biosynthesis. The supplements are to […]
Comparison of Sieve analyses, laser diffraction, image analyses and FBRM for the determination of particle size distributions part 6 The results obtained from LD instrument as the conversion has been done from a number-based PSD to volume-based PSD for the IA measurements. The IA and LD gave very similar results for spherical particles, as these […]
Comparison of Sieve analyses, laser diffraction, image analyses and FBRM for the determination of particle size distributions part 4 Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM). A Lasentec (FBRM) was used to measure the chord length distribution (CLD) of samples using a Lasentec D600L FBRM probe. In all the experiments, the measurements were carried out in suspensions […]
Comparison of Sieve analyses, laser diffraction, image analyses and FBRM for the determination of particle size distributions part 3 Material and Methods Sample Selection and Sieving Two particulate products with different mophologies were selected: Sodium Chloride and Glass Beads. Figure 2 shows the shape of each material observed by microscopy. It can be seen that […]
Comparison of Sieve analyses, laser diffraction, image analyses and FBRM for the determination of particle size distributions part 2 LD estimates volume-based PSD by measuring the forward light-scattering (diffraction) of light from the laser. It is one of the most widely used techniques because of its range of applicability, ease of implementation, broad dynamic range, […]
Comparison of Sieve analyses, laser diffraction, image analyses and FBRM for the determination of particle size distributions part 1 Abstract Particle size distributions (PSDs) measured by different techniques, including Sieve Analyses (SA), Image Analysis (IA), Laser Diffraction (LD) and Focused-Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM), were investigated. The two compounds selected for the study were spherical glass […]
Optimisation of Heterogeneous Catalysed Esterification Reaction for n-Hexyl Acetate Synthesis part 8 Concentration Profile of Components Figure 11 below shows one of the concentration profiles of acetic acid (A), n-hexanol (B), n-hexyl acetate (C) and water (D). The concentration of acetic acid comes down rapidly from 1.5 Kmol/m3 to 0.1 Kmol/m3 in only 1 hour. […]
Optimisation of Heterogeneous Catalysed Esterification Reaction for n-Hexyl Acetate Synthesis part 7 Results and Discussions: Effect of Acetic Acid Concentration Figure 8 shows data that is relevant to industrial conditions. There is a significant difference in conversion achieved between the control concentration (@ 99.8% concentration acetic acid) and the dilute system, 30% concentration. Most notable […]
Optimisation of Heterogeneous Catalysed Esterification Reaction for n-Hexyl Acetate Synthesis part 6 Results and Discussions: Effect of Catalyst Loading The evolution of the ester was studied at three different catalyst loadings i.e. 1% (w/w), 2.5% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) using Purolite CT-124. It can be seen from Figure 6 that with increasing catalyst loading, speed […]
